Flood resilience challenges occur when there is water in places where water shouldn't be, and can occur from excessive rainfall, storm surges, or man-made flooding. Flooding causes damage in two main ways, firstly from water damage and then secondly from the debris and waste left by receding water

Minor flood resilience challenges occur whenever there is more rain than expected, resulting in small-scale and localised flooding. Typically, these are not too frequent and the damage done is generally localised and small-scale, with floods often not that serious as to impact buildings and infrastructure.
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Average flood resilience challenges occur whenever there are a sequence of minor flood challenges. Multiple rain storms will make the ground sodden, stopping rain from just soaking away, making the impact of floods worse as there is more available flood water.
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Major flood resilience challenges occur as a combination of extreme weather and recent average flood challenges. With waterlogged ground, rain can not runoff and an extreme heavy rain storm, or multiple storms, will drop vast amounts of rain on the region causing flooding. If this cycle repeats over a short period, emergency services will be stretched to the point where critical services can not be adequately restored between flooding events and the town will appear to lose its operational capacity.
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